fig2

Figure 2. Immunofluorescence (IF) detection and co-localization of retinal amyloid-beta oligomers and amyloid-beta plaques in the dogs of the 1-5-year-old group. Retinal co-staining of oligomers with anti-Aβ₄₀ (PRIOAD12) or anti-Aβ₄₂ (PRIOAD 13) camelid-derived single domain antibodies (green) and plaques with anti-Aβ (4G8) antibody (red) of a 3-year-old German shepherd dog (A-H). A and B show widespread accumulation of Aβ₄₀ and Aβ₄₂ oligomers in the GCL, INL, and ONL (white arrows) and retinal vasculature, respectively. IF 40×. (C and D) No Aβp was detected in the retinal layers. IF 40×. (E and F) Co-localization of Aβo and Aβp was not observed in the retinal layers of this animal (Aβo was present - white arrows). G and H are higher magnification 100× of images (A and B) in the GCL and INL, ONL and retinal vasculature. Representative of 10 dogs in the younger age group (1-5 years). GCL: Ganglion cell layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; ONL: outer nuclear layer.