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Figure 1. Interactions between sleep disturbance and neurodegenerative diseases. Sleep disturbance plays roles in neurodegenerative disease. It promotes the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sleep disturbance is tightly associated with Aβ and tau deposition in AD and α-syn accumulation in PD. It also promotes the transmission of disease proteins, such as tau in AD and α-syn in PD. Furthermore, sleep disturbance is positively related to dementia in AD and excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in PD. However, there are bidirectional relationships between sleep disturbance and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegeneration and pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases induce sleep disturbance, further leading to deterioration of the disease. Aβ: Amyloid-β; α-syn: α-synuclein.